The evolution and structure of ignited high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen jets

The anticipated upscaling of hydrogen energy applications will involve the storage and transport at cryogenic conditions. Understanding potential hazard arising from leaks in high-pressure is needed to improve safety. manuscript reports a series numerical simulations with detailed chemistry for transient evolution ignited jets. study aims gain insight ignition processes, flame structures dynamics associated evolution. Numerical were firstly conducted an unignited jet released under same temperature 80 K pressure 200 bar as considered predicted concentrations found be good agreement experimental measurements. results informed subsequent jets involving four different locations. time snapshots temperature, mass fraction index are analyzed structure flame. show that diffusion combustion layer developed along outer boundary side formed near-field ignition. For far-field ignition, envelope observed. contains on edge premixed inside jet. Due complex interactions between turbulence, fuel-air mixing chemical reactions, localized spontaneous extinguishment predictions also captured experimentally observed deflagration waves